Heralds a new era in the cosmos, Norwegian Kristian Birkeland predicted that the universe was probably an exotic component, the dark matter will be referred to later. His comments on this topic appeared in a description of the Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition (1902-1903). Birkeland’s ideas about the expedition were published in the fateful year of 1913 would see the rise of the Socialist Federal Reserve System and the income tax in the United States of America, two key components of the Communist Manifesto. Evolutionary processes in motion in all areas of endeavor. Economy, politics, science, and the hearts and minds of men and women were in the balance sheet, while not the truth of relativism dominated the modern imagination. Cosmology would suffer from the same ‘evolutionary’ mindset and Birkeland wrote as much:
“We have assumed that each stellar system in evolutions of electric corpuscles yields in the room. It seems not unreasonable to believe therefore that the majority of the material masses can be found in the universe, not in the solar systems or mist, but in” empty ” the room. ”
In this way, Birkeland predicted that because instead of “developments” within the cosmos most of the matter in the universe in “empty” space, which is observable in stellar objects, must be found. It is currently believed that only four percent of the universe of this ordinary visible stellar type. Furthermore, about a quarter of the universe from the ubiquitous dark matter with the rest of the cosmos, yet filled with the bizarre dark energy. It was Fritz Zwicky, a swiss astrophysicist working for Caltech, would the concept of dark matter through the auspices of the virial theorem continued.
This mathematical relationship is a formula, the energy of a set of particles limits. In another dark year in the ongoing development of slavery since 1933 saw the removal of gold from the accounts of American citizens, Zwicky used the Virial Theorem in an attempt to determine the validity of the dark matter hypothesis. He focused his attention placed on the Coma cluster of galaxies, and his analysis of prima facie evidence confirms the existence of dark matter. By evaluating the amount of movement of these galaxies on the periphery of the cluster he was able to guess about the totality of all matter in it.
He was astonished to learn appreciate that this is different from a sum of the mass calculated separately. The other value was obtained by analyzing the sum of the galaxies and the brightness of the Coma cluster. A comparison of this value with the periphery computation he observed that there is a discrepancy of at least a hundred times four. Since the galaxies were insufficiently massive to cause the calculated orbital velocity, it must be another mechanism to explain these phenomena. This riddle was in the scientific lexicon the missing mass problem. Zwicky had the need for the existence of an invisible source of mass hitherto unknown, the necessary gravitational effect for the cluster must be established.
It is a fact about the current state of cosmology, which is the largest amount of evidence for dark matter from this galactic gravitational field data. Scientists have even galactic curves describing the rotational velocity from properties of stars versus the distance from the galactic center. If the gravity data is applied, it can be shown that only a small part of the observed speeds are explicable by classical computations. In other words, there is a lack of visible mass in the galaxies observed in the sum of gravitational effects to visibly observable stars planets and galaxies attribute. Thus, the simplest way to explain this galactic mystery of insufficient mass, a non-detectable type of mass as dark matter, which may be the reason for the known gravitational effects hypothesis.
As more and more data collected on these and other aspects of the universe, cosmology postulates and formulas produced the description of the results obtained. Compliance with the requirements of the above aspects leads some scientists to propose different types of dark matter. The four main types of dark matter are called 1 – baryonic dark matter; 2 – Warm dark matter, 3 – cold dark matter and 4 – hot dark matter. Dark matter ranges from the familiar to the predicted, from black holes to brown dwarfs to the massive compact halo objects (MACHOs), the neutrino, axions, WIMPS or weakly interacting massive particles and the esoteric neutralino. However, there is an alternative explanation for gravity, which originally created the dark matter concept.
If an incomplete understanding of gravitation and in the picture, then it can claim that the dark matter interpretation is incorrect because some other cause is generating these phenomena. Several different contending theories have been developed to describe the observed galactic data. In particular, one of the main competing explanations scalar-tensor theories which try to combine the teachings of quantum mechanics with gravity is given. Reinforce these ideas leads to a variety of exotic ideas that our most fundamental concepts of physics and astronomy challenge. Other concepts go even further and have been the subject of interest for astronomers like Dr. Riccardo Scarpa since these allow for a cosmology without the inclusion of the enigmatic dark matter.
Dr. Scarpa works at the European Southern Observatory in Santiago Chile using the Very Large Telescope array at Paranal. With all his experience in this area, it is interesting to note some of his latest comments on the superfluous dark matter:
“Dark matter is the craziest idea we’ve ever in astronomy. There may be times when you need it, it can do what you like, in any way you want to distribute. It is the myth of the astronomy.”
Given these comments, one should ask if another scientific idea can be on the verge of collapse. In fact, astronomers are routinely using these other theoretical principles on a daily basis in infrared observatories around the world. So it is very likely that we are simply wrong about all this dark matter. It is in all probability, that the only dark matter that we will ever find that ignorant dark matter between our ears.
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